AN INTRODUCTION TO MATHEMATICAL STATISTICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS Sixth Edition Richard J. Larsen Vanderbilt University Morris L. Marx University of Director, Portfolio Management: Deirdre Lynch Courseware Portfolio Manager: Patrick Barbera Courseware Portfolio Assistant: Justin Billing Content Producer: Kathleen A. Manley Managing P roducer: Karen Wernholm Media Producer: Audra Walsh Product Marketing Manager: Yvonne Vannatta Product Marketing Assistant: Jennifer Myers Senior Author Support/Technology Specialist: Joe Vetere Cover and Text Design, Production Coordination, Composition, and Illustrations: iEnergizer Aptara®, Ltd. Cover Image: Glow Green Circle Arcs © Shutterstock/R.T. Wohlstadter Copyright © 2018, 2012, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This publication is protected by copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise. For information regarding permissions, request forms and the appropriate contacts within the Pearson Education Global Rights & Permissions department, please visit www.pearsoned.com/permissions/. PEARSON, ALWAYS LEARNING, and MyStatLab are exclusive trademarks owned by Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates in the U.S. and/or other countries. Unless otherwise indicated herein, any third-party trademarks that may appear in this work are the property of their respective owners and any references to third-party trademarks, logos or other trade dress are for demonstrative or descriptive purposes only. Such references are not intended to imply any sponsorship, endorsement, authorization, or promotion of Pearson’s products by the owners of such marks, or any relationship between the owner and Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates, authors, roducer: Karen Wernholm Media Producer: Audra Walsh Product Marketing Manager: Yvonne Vannatta Product Marketing Assistant: Jennifer Myers Senior Author Support/Technology Specialist: Joe Vetere Cover and Text Design, Production Coordination, Composition, and Illustrations: iEnergizer Aptara®, Ltd. Cover Image: Glow Green Circle Arcs © Shutterstock/R.T. Wohlstadter Copyright © 2018, 2012, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This publication is protected by copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise. For information regarding permissions, request forms and the appropriate contacts within the Pearson Education Global Rights & Permissions department, please visit www.pearsoned.com/permissions/. PEARSON, ALWAYS LEARNING, and MyStatLab are exclusive trademarks owned by Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates in the U.S. and/or other countries. Unless otherwise indicated herein, any third-party trademarks that may appear in this work are the property of their respective owners and any references to third-party trademarks, logos or other trade dress are for demonstrative or descriptive purposes only. Such references are not intended to imply any sponsorship, endorsement, authorization, or promotion of Pearson’s products by the owners of such marks, or any relationship between the owner and Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates, authors,