IntroductionInventorshavelongdreamedofcreatingmachinesthatthink.ThisdesiredatesbacktoatleastthetimeofancientGreece.ThemythicalfiguresPygmalion,Daedalus,andHephaestusmayallbeinterpretedaslegendaryinventors,andGalatea,Talos,andPandoramayallberegardedasartificiallife(OvidandMartin,2004