【国外通信教程】Broadband Amplifiers for High Data Rates

【国外通信教程】Broadband Amplifiers for High Data Rates BroadbandAmplifiersforHighDataRatesusing InP/InGaAsDoubleHeterojunctionBipolar Transistors ZurErlangungdesakademischenGradeseines DOKTOR-INGENIEURS vonderFakult¨ atf¨ ur ElektrotechnikundInformationstechnik derUniversit¨ atFridericianaKarlsruhe genehmigte DISSERTATION von Dipl.-Ing.KarlSchneider ausHannover Tagderm¨ undlichenPr¨ ufung:16.Januar2006 Hauptreferentrof.Dr.rer.nat.G.Weimann Korreferentrof.Dr.-Ing.W.Wiesbeck Contents Kurzfassung1 Abstract 2 1Introduction3 1.1Mot ivation....................................3 1.1.1ScopeoftheWork...........................5 1.2StateoftheArt.................................6 1.2.1BroadbandAmplifiers.........................6 1.2.2Devices.................................7 2InP-basedDoubleHeterojunctionBipolarTransistor11 2.1OperatingPrinciple...............................12 2.2Technology...................................16 2.2.1ActiveDevices.............................16 2.2.2PassiveStructures...........................18 2.3LayerStructureOptimization.........................19 2.3.1InitialLayerStructure(A).......................19 2.3.2ImprovedLayerStructure(B).....................24 2.3.3OptimizedLayerStructure(C)....................28 2.3.4Summary................................33 2.4TransistorLayoutOptimization........................34 2.4.1EmitterWidthDesign.........................36 2.4.2BaseContactWidthDesign......................38 2.4.3CollectorContactDesign........................40 2.4.4EmitterLengthDesign.........................40 2.4.5Summary................................43 3TransistorModels45 3.1Large-SignalModels..............................46 3.1.1Gummel-PoonModel..........................46 3.1.2AlternativeModels...........................47 3.1.3UCSDModel..............................47 3.2UCSDModelExtraction............................49 3.2.1DiodeParameters............................49 3.2.2Resistances...............................51 3.2.3JunctionCapacitances.........................55 3.2.4TransitandDelayTimes........................56 3.3Small-SignalModel...............................60 3.3.1ModelExtraction............................60 3.3.2InvestigationofTransistors.......................63 3.4Summary....................................68 4MethodsofBroadbandAmplifierCharacterization69 4.1FiguresofMerit.................................69 4.1.1Bandwidth................................69 4.1.2GroupDelay...............................71 4.1.3OutputPower..............................71 4.2Small-Signal-Characterization(S-Parameter).................72 4.3Large-Signal-Characterization.........................73 4.3.1OutputPower..............................73 4.3.2SignalDistortion(Eye-Diagram)....................74 5RealizationofCompactLumpedAmplifiers77 5.1DesignConsiderations.............................77 5.2RealizedAmplifiers...............................79 5.2.1ComparisonofLumpedAmplifierApproaches............79 5.2.2High-GainAmplifierfor40Gbit/s...................82 5.2.3Low-PowerAmplifierfor80Gbit/s..................85 5.3OutputPowerLimit..............................87 6DistributedAmplifiersfor80Gbit/s91 6.1DesignConsiderations.............................92 6.1.1GainCellDesignConcepts.......................93 6.1.2AttenuationCompensation.......................93 6.1.3CoplanarandMicrostripTransmissionLines.............96 6.1.4TransmissionLineTermination....................97 6.1.5LinearandMatrixDesign.......................98 6.1.6Single-endedandDifferentialDesign.................98 6.2RealizedAmplifiers...............................99 6.2.1Low-Power100GHzBandwidthAmplifier..............99 6.2.2TunableAmplifierforLossCompensation..............103 6.2.3High-PowerAmplifierfor80Gbit/s..................108 6.3Summary....................................114 7ConclusionandOutlook....................................115 AExtractedLarge-SignalModelParameters...........117 Bibliography....................................119 ListofAbbreviations....................................129 Acknowledgments....................................131 CurriculumVitae....................................132