Thegameofchessisthelongest-studieddomaininthehistoryofartificialintelligence.Thestrongestprogramsarebasedonacombinationofsophisticatedsearchtechniques,domain-specificadaptations,andhandcraftedevaluationfunctionsthathavebeenrefinedbyhumanexpertsoverseveraldecades.Bycontrast,theAlphaGoZero