GeographicInformationSystems(GIS)arecomputer-basedtoolsfortheentry,maintenance,andanalysisofspatialdata.GISarecriticalforeffectiveresourcemanagement,andhavebeenappliedacrossawiderangeofscience,business,andgovernmentendeavours.ThisbookprovidesanintroductiontothetheoryandapplicationofGI