1IntroductionParaxialoptics,ideallenses,opticalsystems,raytrace,Zemaxhandling2OptimizationIBasicprinciples,paraxiallayout,thinlenses,transitiontothicklenses,scaling,Delanodiagram,bending3OptimizationIImeritfunctionrequirements,effectivenessofvariables4OptimizationIIIcomplexformulations,s