Thedramaticgrowthinpracticalapplicationsformachinelearningoverthelasttenyearshasbeenaccompaniedbymanyimportantdevelopmentsintheunderlyingalgorithmsandtechniques.Forexample,Bayesianmethodshavegrownfromaspecialistnichetobecomemainstream,whilegraphicalmodelshaveemergedasageneralframework