Asimulatedannealingbasednichegeneticalgorithm(SANGA)hasbeenpresentedtostrengththeoptimizationabilityofnichegeneticalgorithm(NGA).Theimprovedideaistodefinenicheformationusingprobabilityconditionratherthansimplydistancecondition.Individualswhoonlyhavecloseneighborsareinclinedtobuildupnic