到处都要钱不利于我们小白方便获取资源，Optimizationiscentraltoanyprobleminvolvingdecisionmaking,whetherinengineeringorineconomics.Thetaskofdecisionmakingentailschoosingamongvariousalternatives.Thischoiceisgovernedbyourdesiretomakethe"best"decision.Themeasureofgoodnessofthealternativesisdescribedby