ThispaperproposesthehybridNM-PSOalgorithmbasedontheNelder–Mead(NM)simplexsearchmethodandparticle swarmoptimization(PSO)forunconstrainedoptimization.NM-PSOisveryeasytoimplementinpracticesinceit doesnotrequiregradientcomputation.ThemodificationofboththeNelder–M