1 Style as choice 1 2 Sentence length and complexity 4 3 Weight and familiarity of vocabulary 11 4 Specialist vocabulary: jargon 14 5 ‘Fashionable’ words 17 6 ‘Roundabout’ and unusual phrasing 20 7 Excessive pre-modification 24 8 Use of nouns as pre-modifiers 26 9 Abstraction 36 10 Excessive ‘nomina