According to the literature statistics, only less than 10% of reported iterative learning control (ILC) methods have been devoted to the indirect approach. Motivated by the full potential of research opportunities in this field, a number of studies on Indirect MC were proposed recently, where ILC-based P-type control and learning-type model predictive control (L-MPC) are two successful stories. All indirect ILC algorithms consist of two loops: an ILC in the outer loop and a local controller in t