In this paper, a methodology based on characteristic spectral bands of near infrared spectroscopy (1000–2500 nm) and multivariate analysis was proposed to identify camellia oil adulteration with vegetable oils. Sunflower, peanut and corn oils were selected to conduct the test. Pure camellia oil and that adulterated with varying concentrations (1–10% with the gradient of 1%, 10–40% with the gradient of 5%, 40–100% with the gradient of 10%) of each type of the three vegetable oils were prepared, r