Nature | Vol 585 | 17 September 2020 | 357ReviewArray programming with NumPyCharles R. Harris1, K. Jarrod Millman2,3,4 :envelope:, Stéfan J. van der Walt2,4,5 :envelope:, Ralf Gommers6 :envelope:, Pauli Virtanen7,8, David Cournapeau9, Eric Wieser10, Julian Taylor11, Sebastian Berg4, Nathaniel J. Smith12, Robert Kern13, Matti Picus4, Stephan Hoyer14, Marten H. van Kerkwijk15, Matthew Brett2,16, Allan Haldane17, Jaime Fernández del Río18, Mark Wiebe19,20, Pearu Peterson6,21,22, Pierre Gérard-