The introducTIon of oversampling noise shaping technique in [1] by Inose

and Yasuda has resulted in a very popular method for converTIng signals

between the analog and the digital domains. This principle has led to the

rapid development of robust converters known as delta-sigma1

modulator based converters [2]. In fact‚ an alternaTIve descripTIon of this

concept was disclosed even earlier in a patent by Cutler [3]‚ which is often

regarded as the first-order modulator with the error-feedback topology.

Although the concept has existed for a long time‚ there are still many

problems associated with these modulators. Among these problems‚ this

research monograph is mainly concerned with the exact analysis of

modulators‚ and the exploitation of these analysis results in Fractional-N

frequency synthesis applications‚ as well as novel topologies for timeinterleaved

modulators.

Oversampled Delta-Sigma Modula