Soliton mode locked fiber laser based on topological insulator Bi

We reported diverse soliton operations in a thulium/holmium-doped fiber laser by taking advantage of a tapered fiber-based topological insulator (TI) Bi2Te3 saturable absorber (SA). The SA had a nonsaturable loss of ~53.5% and a modulation depth of 9.8%. Stable fundamentally mode-locked solitons at